Nearly one-fifth of India’s shopping centres now qualify as ‘ghost malls’, with high vacancies, outdated designs, and weak tenant mixes eroding their relevance — but they also represent a major reinvestment opportunity.

According to Knight Frank India’s Think India, Think Retail 2025 report, 74 of the 365 operational malls across 32 cities are underperforming, encompassing 15.5 mn sq ft of dormant retail stock. Of these, 15 high-potential centres spread across Tier 1 and Tier 2 cities could alone unlock ₹357 crore in annual rental income if strategically reinvigorated. With Grade A malls operating near full capacity and demand rising in smaller cities, reviving these older assets could play a pivotal role in India’s next retail growth cycle.

The study reveals that the ghost mall challenge is not confined to smaller cities or emerging markets. Tier 1 cities account for 11.9 mn sq ft of this dormant stock, indicating that even some of the country’s earliest and most established malls have struggled to keep pace with changing consumer expectations, shifting brand strategies, and the evolution of modern, experience-led retail formats. Tier 2 cities contribute the remaining 3.6 mn sq ft, where operational inefficiencies, inconsistent management practices, and limited anchor presence have restrained shopping centres from reaching their full potential.

Shishir Baijal, Chairman and Managing Director, Knight Frank India, said, “India’s retail sector is entering a defining phase of growth, supported by strong consumption and a clear shift toward high-quality organised retail formats. Our analysis shows that reinvigorating 4.8 mn sq ft of dormant mall stock could unlock INR 357 cr in annual rentals, which is a substantial opportunity for developers and investors. With Grade A malls operating at only 5.7 percent vacancy and several Tier 2 cities demonstrating strong absorption trends, the sector is exceptionally well placed for future expansion. As consumer demand evolves and brands scale their footprint, revitalising older centres through redevelopment or adaptive reuse will play a pivotal role in shaping the next chapter of India’s retail transformation.”

Sizing the Ghost Stock

Identifying ghost shopping centres is essential to unlocking viable reinvigoration opportunities. High vacancies, unstable tenant mixes, outdated layouts, and weak or missing anchor tenants are the clearest signals of an underperforming asset. Grade C malls and older developments, particularly in peripheral locations, are most vulnerable to obsolescence unless repositioned as community hubs, co-working spaces, or mixed-use developments.

Tier 1 cities are beginning to see a decline in ghost shopping centres as redevelopment, new ownership models, design upgrades, and alternate-use conversions bring ageing assets back to life. With rising flexible workspace demand and evolving retail formats, dormant centres are finding renewed relevance. While Grade A malls continue to outperform and lower-grade assets struggle, tightening quality supply is shifting attention to these revitalise-able centres. With focused interventions, improved management, and curated leasing, ghost malls can be repurposed into viable, future-ready assets that support the next phase of India’s retail growth.

Unlocking immediate potential within ghost shopping centres

Of the 365 shopping centres across the top 32 cities, 74 are classified as ghost malls. Within this group, immediate opportunity lies in the 15 centres which alone have the potential to unlock INR 357 cr in annual rentals by reinvigorating 4.8 mn sq ft of dormant space.

Tier 1 cities offer two-thirds of immediate potential to generate a rental revenue of INR 236 cr, and Tier 2 cities comprises the remaining one third with INR 121 cr rental revenue. Reviving distressed centres, often at a lower cost than new builds, can rapidly yield healthy, value-added cashflows.

India’s dormant retail infrastructure shows strong reinvigoration potential, especially in ageing but well-located shopping centres. Of the 74 ghost malls identified, 44% lie in the West, aligning with both favourable catchments and revenue potential. The West and South together contribute 77% of the estimated rental opportunity, while the Top 8 metros account for 66% of the INR 357 cr annual potential for 2025. Further, a rental yield of 5.86% makes reinvigoration a compelling investment. With improving connectivity and a shift toward experience-led, mixed-use development, revitalising dormant retail assets is set to drive the next wave of growth.

India’s retail real estate is becoming increasingly polarised. While Grade A malls record high occupancy, strong footfalls, and robust brand mixes, ageing and poorly designed centres from the early 2,000s face declining relevance due to structural flaws, weak catchment planning, outdated formats, and anchor tenant exits. Vacancy across 32 cities stands at 15.4%, yet the real challenge is a shortage of quality space, especially in Tier 2 cities. This gap creates a strong opportunity to revitalise dormant malls through design upgrades, tenant remixing, and alternate-use conversions. Success depends on accurate diagnosis and disciplined execution backed by strong design and management.